Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Business Plans and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Plans and Analysis - Essay eventAs such, the operability, initial investment figures, marketing scope, time to implementation, existence of external investment, effects that technological transport leave behind have on the jut outs, as well as an analysis of likely consumer response ordain all be weighed as a function of the likelihood that each pattern has towards implementation and boilers suit success. Likewise, it is worth mention that neither one of these business plans are intended to be seen as an casing of either a good or a bad business plan instead, they are to be viewed as vehicles towards understanding positive and negative components of each. Business Plan 1 http//www.businessplans.org/Momentex/Moment00.html The first business plan that this analysis will weigh relates to Momentex LLC and their proposed line of Gulp N Go products. Momentex would like to target the untapped market of vending services that are located within toll booths throughout the Unit ed States. The plan exhibits multiple strengths. Firstly, regardless of what one thinks of the business plan, it is undeniable that the proximity of the product to the customer is perfectly positioned. The indorse strength ties in alongside this proximity and evoke the strength of suggestion while the customer is already in the process of making a financial transaction all of which further encourage him/her to develop an impulse buy while at the toll booth. Lastly, for this proximity and these powers of suggestion during a financial transaction, the truehearted has very few costs associated with marketing as the product is positioned 24/7 and practically loose marking takes place at the point of sale on a daily basis. With respect to the weaknesses exhibited in this plan, the first of these regards the legal impacts of commercialization of the toll booths and what this may portend with respect to state, local, cross-jurisdictional, and tax laws. In effect, a public good (roads) will now be turned into a way of further generating bread and butter for private businesses. This fact in and of itself has a host of both legal and ethical dilemmas associated with it. Secondly, and perhaps al near importantly, there is the issue of traffic flow. Toll booth areas are already high traffic areas that commonly only exist in major metropolitan cities. As such, having tens of thousands of people each and every daylight pausing as to what particular snack or drink they would like to choose while separates wait in the queue behind them is a recipe for compounding already tense traffic problems. Lastly, the issue of recompense will take up to be hashed out. With a non-uniform system of payment already existing at most toll booths, how the customer will pay for the goods becomes a primary question (Lawther, 2000). If with cash revenues will be noticeably lower as fewer and fewer people carry cash. If with the credit card will the same credit card be used to pay the toll? If with a pay-pass for high-frequency travelers will the beverages and intellectual nourishment by debited from the same funds that the customer has loaded on the card or will they need to be paid separately? This particular business plan could be improved by measurement the indirect effect that the sale of these goods will have on traffic patterns and wait times for other customers. If a thorough analysis is performed and it is found to adversely affect the commute in a measured way it is fairly obvious that the business plan should be abandoned as the negative bring up and aggravation it will cause will doubtless render the plan futile.

Monday, April 29, 2019

Are energy drinks safe' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are vigour drinks safe - Essay ExampleIII. credibility (Speakers qualifications/expertise) after researching about this subject I have come to agree with the view that energy drinks are not safe because it contains too much caffeine, very dear(predicate), and it has side effects.IV. Thesis (Transitional Preview) from the discussion with the interview many of you oppose the information I tried to provide, but I am requesting that you listen with unaffixed mind while we discuss the problems associated with energy drinks and how the drinks affects the human body.A. Food and drug administration report shows that in 2012 there were 40 cases of illness and 6 wipeouts resulting from monster energy alone and 15 illness and 5 lasting disabilities resulted from Rockstar Energy (Lee 2012). These reports are provided by patients, families and doctors, but they do not prove that the drinks cause the death but they believe that the death was caused by the drinks.Transition having looked at th e general problems associated with energy drinks let us now go to the specific points that make energy drinks dangerous. These points are too much caffeine, more expensive than other drinks, and its side effects, I will start with too much caffeine (Lee 2012).C. Caffeine gives a quick boost and that is why many people take before physical exercise, but this is dangerous because exercise increases the heartbeat hence stimulations from caffeine can trigger hearth attack or stroke.E. Caffeine causes adrenal gland Fatigue this is a situation in which the body becomes tired after the consumption of caffeine. This will transcend because the body adrenalin system will become overtaxed by continuous intake of caffeine. This will bring out the immune function of the body.F. They have negative effects on diabetes. It has been found that caffeine has the capability of diminish the insulin sensitivity and makes it hard for people who are suffering from diabetes to control blood sugar in th e

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Racial Disparity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Racial Disparity - Research Paper ExampleIf it could be considered as one of the social problems of modern societies, racial inconsistency has caused severe concerns to governments worldwide mostly because of the avocation facts the problem seems to be continuously expanded, i.e. there is no sign of limitation or even normalisation also, the phenomenon has been already developed at such level that threatens the stability of the society.Racial disparity is a searing social problem in countries worldwide. The problem is mostly reflected in the barriers faced by black pile or race belonging in minorities when trying to enter the job market (The Independent 2008, NBC majuscule 2011) the healthc be treatment provided to black stack and people in minorities also reveals the existence of racial disparity (McNeil 2011). In criminal justice also, cases of racial disparity can be identified. Indeed, black people and people in minorities are most likely to be arrested for crimes of vari ous types moreover, people in this category are more likely to be convicted compared the white people who have committed the same offences. In Illinois 19 per centime of black defendants charged in 2005 were sentenced to prison after being charged with a low-level drug possession felony (Di Benedetto 2011) the percentage of white people charged for the same crime was just 4% (Di Benedetto 2011). It should be noted though that the failure in managing racial disparity is not reflected just in the punishment imposed on offenders it seems that criminal behavior is increased in black people and people belonging in minorities, a fact which shows the lack of measures for equally controlling crime across society. In a research developed in 2008 10.1 per cent of all blacks reported using illegal drugs compared to 8.2 per cent of all whites (Di Benedetto 2011). Racial disparity is an important social problemhowever, its limitation would require an integrated formulate of action the introd uction of changes in the criteria of sentencing would not be adequate for reducing the number of minorities in courts and prisons.

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Assignment ExampleIn one analysis, 80 matched pairs of male and female expatriates were obtained to find out the percentage of the type of work they did and the level of education they had achieved.In 1980s, women expatriates were only about 3%, this grew gradually to 13.9% in 1990s. In some countries, delinquent to religious affairs, women atomic number 18 not allowed to work. However, in some countries women were more interested in performing managerial tasks than men. The variations were also a result of geographic location, political stability/instability and culture and beliefs of certain countries.However, the researches that were through with(p) could not be carried out on a worldwide basis due to barriers of religious, traditional and heathenish grounds. It was also found that women were less satisfied with expatriation and repatriation as compared with men, who were more satisfied with both.Value to lecturer In a nutshell, as opposed to former presumptions, women are ab le to succeed in internationalist assignments. More multinational organizations should be in the practice of employing passionate and ambitious women for managerial tasks.Former question Executive Officer and current Chairman of the Board of Procter and Gamble believes that international assignments were the main base which helped him grow a global achiever. He joined P&G in 1963 as a faculty assistant. As he became more experienced, he was awarded promotions, and in 1990 he assumed leadership of P&Gs international business. Design/Methodology/ApproachDealing with uncertainty, knowing customers, balancing tensions and appreciating diversity are the main determining factors of success in terms of widespread business. These explain the situations where a manager has to go abroad and tackle with barriers such as language, cultural and ethnic, to know the likes and dislikes of the people and to be able to regard diversity and variations in almost everything.Mr. Pepper reflects abou t

Friday, April 26, 2019

Indiana State University School of Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indiana State University rail of Music - Essay ExampleThe concert alike aims at promoting and showing off the talents in the mental faculty of artists by offering them a chance to compare their undertakings to the skills and techniques used by the performers. This can, not only practice them courage in presenting to the audience, but also give them chances for them to find opportunities outside their institution. This is because, thither were no limitations of inviting the audience, and hence, the topical anesthetic industry in the theatre metrics and media could find their way in to select for the best actor. This doer that, the concert can be an opening opportunity to express the capabilities as they build experiences due to the interactions with the experts in the industry. The title of the concert shows that Sharilyn Spicknail will feature the rest of the colleagues with a violin. Martha Krasnican featured the concert with the piano together with Kurt Fowler who plays cell o. The featured group seemed to rock the jazz styles as the rhythm system can justify. Playing the instruments with their styles seemed to be the common goal of the artistic student as there are always some conflicts in rhyming to most of the learners, which is the biggest challenge. Nevertheless, the concert is deemed to correct the anomalies in the 2012-2013 season. In the events program, one can note that there are four pieces to be presented in the concert. The outgrowth two pieces do not have whatever spate sections, hence they are performed continuously. After the two performances, an intercession break is given and then the exist two are acted in each after the other. According to the program, each piece has three sections or movements, which the audience can be easily, count its eat up although occasionally the composer without any silence always connects the movements. The titles of the movements steer the characters or the speed to be used by the composer on each move ment in a piece. These movements titles can be of any language although most of them are Italian since it was the first international language of the music industry. Having three movements each, a piece was named with the author name at the end and the years of its composition in order to draw the attentions of the audience of when each piece existed and the surrounding techniques involved. This also helps the audience to identify various genres or its evolution from year to the other.

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Thierrys enthusiasm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thierrys enthusiasm - Essay ExampleWhen you watch documentary film, you may be amazed, thrilled, disappointed or upset with it, but the most fascinating thing is to realize that all your emotions are based on a real story without any exaggerations or embellishments. Each documentary movie reaches, educates and compels you to think close not only the main characters deeds, but also about your own personality, flavor and future.One of the didactic movies is Exit through the Gift Shop by Jaimie DCruz. In the center of the p flowerpot, thither is Thierry Guetta, ordinary Frenchman, who moved to Los Angeles in 1990s. When he was el steady years old, his m different died and the boy was taken out-of-door to live with his relatives. Later on, he grew up, got married, raised two beautiful daughters and started to earn money by merchandising old clothes for extremely high prices. From the first sight, there is nothing special in Thierrys bearing. But when you get to know this guy better, his little passion reveals itself. No matter what Thierry does or where he goes, there is always a video camera. The moment it came in my hand, I could not let it go. It was coercion, Thierry says (Exit through the Gift Shop). Since that time Thierry never gets apart with a camera, trying to capture different moments of life to make them live forever. Though he never watches the memorialises, which he makes, he continues to collect them in boxes in his house as the biggest memory of crucial events. As Thierrys the greatest liking keeps on growing, his charge catches absolutely new object of filming highroad art. ... In spite of the fact that many other young artists refuse to allow Thierry to tape their masterpieces, he finds variable ways to hear consent. Thierry gets amazed by all these people and takes so great interest in taping street art that from time to time he receives warnings from police. He comprehends a danger of his hobby, but for Thierry it is all another chall enge, which makes him feel good. With a camera in his hand Thierry takes part in art creation, climbing with Banksy on the roofs of the houses or going to Disneyland to tape his friends inventions. Several years later, after not quite successful film flavor Remote Control, which Thierry makes out of tremendous number of his video tapes, he decides to switch from taping street art to creating the art per se. With a solid goal to make a grand show named brio is beautiful Mister Brainwasher, as Thierry calls himself, puts all his money in a new dream. He hires a lot of builders, sculptors, designers, promoters, whose main task is to implement Thierrys ideas into reality. The work starts in a full swing and even an accident with Thierrys broken leg does not slow down the pace. A couple of kick the bucket weeks of preparations are extremely intense for the whole crew. At last the opening day comes and over quaternity thousand people attend the exhibition. By the end of the first week pieces of art with a union cost near one million dollars are rapidly sold. Famous Madonna asks Thierry to make a cover for her Greatest Hits Collection. Abruptly Mister Brainwasher is sensationally accepted by the audience. Analyzing this documentary movie, a viewer freighter easily study the whole process of dream realization from the very

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Optional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

facultative - Essay ExampleIt is, therefore, necessary that the government implements a taxationation-cuts with caution and one of the ways of achieving this is letting the tax cut on the rich expire and extent AMT at a permanent way.In military position of turning around the living standards of individuals, family and society through promoting economic activity, different national administrations around the universe of discourse have brought together economists and lawyers to draft government policies whose principal pillar is tax cuts. The most notable of each(prenominal) is that tax cut polices are the ones proposed and enacted by The President George W. Bushs administration in old age 2001-2003. The basic tenet of this ideology is the macro-economist approach of supply-siders that, according to the Laffers curve, a reduction in the tax tramp especially for the middle class addition their spending, which in turn increases demand that forces supply to increase by the law o f demand and supply. Eventually, this leads to an increase in economic activity. Increased economic activity heart and soul that the labor market absorbs many people and at a better pay, people pay depleted prices for commodities, business have more capital to invest, and government can broaden its tax base by closing tax breaks and other tax leaks. However, there is no empirical backing to this claim, by the respective(prenominal) governments, even after adopting tax cuts on temporary terms. This is explained by the fact that reducing the tax rate actually increases government debt in the long-run, which may cause budgetary problems in the future. The best way of dealings with this is to reduce tax rates and simultaneously reduce government spending in response to cut government revenue. However, in an effort to ensure equality, welfare and improved living conditions/standards for all, some essential service are not an obligation or mandate of players such as the corporate worl d, but the responsibility of the government. In this view,

Bampton Manor Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bampton Manor Hotel - Essay ExampleThe opus relies heavily on responses from key staff within the hotel that provide the picture of the internal operations of the business. It therefore brings to the limelight issues in the various departments including marketing, human resource, operations, as well as, finance (Bowie, 2002, p.34).The hotel initially served as wedding hotel but posterior changed due to frustrations in the business. The appointment of a new chef with experience in managing Michelin Restaurants was a step frontwards in ensuring the hotel positions itself as a boutique country hotel with a fine dining restaurant. Due to the spirited quality of the restaurant, the business has get three rosettes from the AA, thus enhancing its corporate image although the Michelin star would have tending(p) it much reputation (Balakrishnan, n.d, 2).The main marketing tool as per the marketing sleep withr was the websites although no substantial data was available to analyze the s ame. Although the hotel had most people rating their services as excellent, they also received negative reviews with some complaining about prices being high while others categorized their services as poor especially during the busy periods. In addition, reviews indicated cases of staff rudeness, uncooperative behavior, and in some cases, others indicated that they were not aware of their roles.One of the issues was the shortage of staff experienced on Fridays and during the weekends more so because the current staff struggled to coping with the pressure. In addition, there was lack of enough training and orientation for the temporary staff that were brought in to survive over the weekends. In this case, some of the staff did not know their roles as well as whom to report to. This is also notable with the operations managers frustrations that the head chef was not able to use the systems introduced to manage reservations and finance (Colvin, 2000).The operations manager was

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

HRM - Essay ExampleFor the human capital and other organizational changes to be effective, the HR system will require duty credibility and the capacity to work in coordination with other headache leadership. HR Business Partners will ensure that strategies to ensure these are incorporated in byplay decisions. ingrained functional and theoretical knowledge in diverse aspects of HR is expected in the implementation of much(prenominal) changes. However, with frequent developments in the area of HR and other organizational aspects, it is difficult for individual business leaders to constantly acquire the required knowledge. Here the International HR Business Partners have an important component part in supplementing the required functional knowledge. Their role is spread across the areas of organizational design, change management, cultural variation and human system alignment (Jamieson, 2007). A very important role of Business Partners is to integrate the business decisions with that of other leaders so that there are positive strategic implications in terms of the speedy changes. They design, engage and maintain the human capital to be ready to face the challenges of the open global market.In general the area of HR has undergone a lot of changes in the last two decades. It has gained more strategic importance. There had been continuous changes in the theoretical modeling and increased concentration on training and certifications. more than importantly, the process of outsourcing gained importance through the time (Ulrich & Brockbank, 2005). This development gave rise to the concept of becoming a business partner. This concept has gained momentum especially in the last 15 years. This was increasingly engaged at to the lowest degree partly by businesses to have simultaneously handle strategies and all other HR operations. The scope of HR was initially limited to managing the

Monday, April 22, 2019

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Health c are marketing - Essay exerciseThe quality of a harvest-tide does not vary over the course of time. Whatever the quality of the product is, it remains what it was at the time the product was purchased. On the other hand, the quality of a service varies at different points in time e.g. an Internet service that appearances high speed generally occasionally becomes slow.Since products are a one-time purchase, they have to be provided guarantee with unlike service, that is purchased just as much as and coin bank the time it is paid for. Therefore, marketing a product requires the seller to establish a guarantee halt for it after which, no claims made by the customer would be entertained. Marketing a service requires the vendor to provide the guarantee till the time the service is delivered. Vendors have to be more careful temporary hookup marketing a product because a customer who has bought the product once might never show up for a second buy if the quality was compromisin g whereas in the case of service, vendors can and really do sometimes decline the quality of service temporarily because they know that they can upgrade it in case any claims are

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Inclusion and the Inclusive Learning Environment Essay

Inclusion and the Inclusive Learning Environment - Essay modellingIn variantiation, a trainer tailors the instructions as per the ineluctably of the learners. Whether teachers differentiate content, process, products, or the information environment, the enjoyment of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction (Tomlinson, 2013). An inclusive learning environment is created to ensure equal access to all tools, aids, and opportunities for all students. There argon a bout of ways in which this can be achieved in a wellness and beauty salon. The first and the first off aspect of an inclusive learning environment is to ensure that all learners are physically capable of experiencing the alike quality of training. In a health and beauty salon, like any other class, this can be achieved by making learners with spectacles occupy the front seats and those with the stronger eye-sights occupy the middle and the rear seats. Taller learners shou ld be seated at the rear so that there is no hindrance in the way of mass from the learner to the white board. After carefully designing the seating plan considering the physical traits of the learners, the teacher needs to design the teaching strategies that promise maximal inclusion on the part of the learners. For example, group projects containing members with different levels of capabilities and different skills is a way of promoting inclusive learning. When a certain number of students work upon the same project, each occupying a specific role and using a specific skill, the learning is not merely trammel to the genuinely skill, but every learner also develops a comprehensive understanding of the skills of other members of the group. When the project is complete, a significant development in the skills of the learners in different areas is achieved. Another aspect of inclusive learning is discipline. In the contemporary age, classrooms have become increasingly multicultural with respect to learners. People from different countries join the health and beauty salons and take classes to enhance their skills. To picture the learners with a safe environment in which their potential to maximize their learning is optimized, it is imperative that the teacher establishes rules, principles, or compiles a code of ethics in which objectionable behaviors are clearly depicted and learners are strictly instructed to deter from displaying them in the class. In case of lack of compliance, disciplinary action can be executed. Such objectionable behaviors include but are not limited to use of racist remarks, discriminatory remarks or practices on the basis of gender, race, or culture, and bullying. Resources to meet the need of learners in inclusive learning should be utilized from within the classroom or with due consultation with the interested authorities. There are numerous ways in which learners can be engaged and motivated in an inclusive environment. For exampl e, when formulating the seating plan to ensure that all learners have full vision of the whiteboard and the stage, the trainer asks the learners to provide them with information about their individualistic physical traits like eye-sight and height. Students find such activities interesting and realize that these activities are meant to develop such a seating plan where everybody would be able to see clearly. Providing students with constructive feedback is other

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Business-to-business financial system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business-to-business pecuniary system - Essay ExampleIn this regard, there ar a lot of things and probability that might come into picture, and more often than not, it is payable to VALUE LOSS caused by INTANGIBILITY. However, this affable of concern doesnt seem to catch the attention of even financial skilleds solely on the basis that majority of them fails to go back into the basics, and that is to search for the appropriate term for the newsworthiness impalpable. Upton III 2007 pointed-out that there ar times where it is desirable to look on intangible as roundabout assets for internal business purposes, whether they are related to taxation or not. For example, determining the appropriate value of an intangible asset (or set of intangible assets) may be prerequisite or useful for corporate planning, establishing royalty rates, inter company withdraw prices or even litigation dispute and resolution (although often this is tied into taxation related reasons).Regardless o f the reason, it is necessary to value intangible assets carefully and appropriatelyThe purpose of the intangible asset valuation is often to understand not only what the intangible asset is (and does) but also how it affects the bottom line. An ethical and conscientious valuation expert will keep this in mind, and will not fall prey to the desire to value an intangible asset in a biased manIn this case, it is in truth important to understand that there are instances that intangible assets particularly with that of a financial one is sometimes the culprit in value red ink of a certain financial or even a business enterprise. It is clear that the more the value that a financial or a business enterprises assets are, the more the stable the business stands. In this case, it is very important to ensure the value of a certain financial asset.Looking into a much complicated picture, defining what intangible asset might create derailment on how value loss is created by intangibility of a financial product. It is an established fact that the major component of a service product is intangible. Upon analyzing this kind of premise, it is not impossible to consider finances as an intangible asset because it is subject to inflation or deflation of a countrys economy. In the case of the aforementioned argument, the place where a financial service industry could set the pace of the businesses financial standing(a) if it is doing well or not. In this kind of consideration, it is understood that monetary standing of a financial service industry is unpredictable day after the other- it is why stock market, along with its components is monitored day after day.However, one cannot fully understand the risk and devaluation of financial service providers with regards to intangibility of monetary asset if b2b is not yet defined. Of course, this kind of system is presently penetrating several or peradventure majority of the world market today. Furthermore, the website searchcio.t echtarget.com (2000) defined it as B2B (business-to-business), also known as e-biz, is the exchange of products, services, or information between businesses rather than between businesses and consumers. Although early interest centered on the growth of retail on the Internet (sometimes called e-tailing), forecasts are that B2B revenue will far exceed business-to-consumers (B2C) revenue in the adjoining future. According to studies published in early 2000, the money volume of B2B exceeds that of e-tailing by 10 to 1. Over the contiguous five years, B2B is expected to have a

Friday, April 19, 2019

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

To be Determined - Essay ExampleIn this fancy, the literature written by Dante Alighieri entitled Divine clowning is a humanitarian literary work in nature mainly because it expresses that writers creed regarding after-life and spirituality concepts. This prominent literary work is considered to be a fictive expression of the writer regarding the fallacies and inadequacies of the prominent social and religious structure during his time. Because of this reason, the story itself becomes explicitly influenced and affected by external factors in the fanciful realm of the origin thus making its ideas commonly applicable during those times. But from the time of its creation, society has already undergo many changes and influential development thus regarding most of the concepts highlighted in the express literature to be inapplicable and contradictory in its very intrinsic nature.Divine Comedy is mainly a fictional of illusionary expression of the authors imaginative journey by din t of the realms of hell, purgatory and heaven. In his travels to hell, he bring in explicitly illustrated its literal nature and narrative the common social icons he have encountered in the said place. Thus journey however is contextual regarded to be the expression of the authors personal concept regarding the idea of sinful acts and its capital punishment.To clearly discuss the authors concept regarding sin and the actions that atomic number 18 considered to be wicked, it is better that the people who are considered sinners at those times be identified according to how the author perceive them in terms of the degree of seriousness of their offensive nature as related through the different levels or circles in hell. First in the list is the unbaptized pagans which are also regarded to be sinners at the authors times regardless of their life morals and their actions. Second are the prurient people in terms of sexuality without or with neglectful restrain of themselves and their de sires. Third are the

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Greeting Cards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Greeting Cards - Research opus ExampleGreeting cards has the potential to play a pivotal role in maintaining the blessing of the business. The businesses use them to remind business partners of their presence. When businesses receive greeting cards on and off, they may also know valued and important for the client. The feeling of importance may allow the business to take further wager in strengthening relationship ties with other clients.The application of greeting cards became modern just standardised other aspects of our lives. Nowadays, community ar sending greeting cards through electronic means, but the people have lost the true taste of receiving them because human mind does not respond well towards online greeting cards in the same way. The human mind and personality internalizes stimulus in print more(prenominal) powerfully than electronic ones. The trend of building and forging social relations is also dying issue in the modern era of the 21st century. The humans of modern measure are very sprightly on Facebook and they tend to enjoy their experience of socialization on the web.However, they are completely unaware of the item that they might have thousands of friends on the internet. They do not have a shoulder to lean on in the times of sorrow. The modern friends remain part of ones life during good times only, and they fly away on sighting the first sign of trouble. That is the difference between conventional companionship and modern one. In historical times, the buddy was even closer than ones blood relatives (Fischer & Reuber, 2011).The inclose is witnessing breaking down of social relations that kept the community together. On the other hand, the online socialization sites are making billions by just getting people to place clicks so the humanity is dying out, and scotch considerations have become very valuable during the process of selecting friends and partners. Human development and grooming occurred as a result of

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Short story Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Short level Critique - Essay Examplent up to now know the girl., Which meant this place was just where the young lady would sleep and live right before creation c wholeed back to the hospital for another long night, something ancient...something powerful.The title of the story hints of philosophical centre whereas the content points more towards mysticism. Even after reading the whole story we never really limit out who Mr. Parish was. In this regard, the story bears a sense of incompleteness. Jessica might not be the real identicalness of the girl. She remains just as a dead body who lived in the house and was enrolled at the topical anesthetic hospital.This story has numerous strengths. The picture of crime scene in the beginning, of Mr. Hannay himself, the entrance room and above all about Mr. Parish- his appearance and expressions- are all picturesque- jogging pants and a sweat shirt, his color eyes almost seemed made of glass. They are very much lively and vivid. Moreove r, the story is up to(p) of holding t readers interest till the very end. Every segment of the story is tightly bound to one single theme and the readers become excited, frightened and enthralled to discover the authoritative identity of Mr. Parish.Somehow, a casual reading of the text does not reveal what made Mr. Parish kill a so- called Jessica, a girl he doesnt even know. The author could have further developed her character. Also, Mr. Hannays character could have been more informative.The dialogues perfectly suit to the situations. There is no excess flow of emotions. nowhere are they exaggerated, but the readers can very well perceive Roberts eagerness and worries, Julies likings, and mikes casual feelings. Comparatively dialogues are fewer in first half of the story. But they desexualize the ending a brilliant one.In the first half of the story, the motive of The Closet is not tell clearly. The reader wanders around senior high school manners, prom- night conventions and ceremonies, until one

Teen suicides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teen suicides - canvas ExampleHe was a homosexual and his private video with his gay companion was posted on the internet by his colleagues. Clementi did not find any other option suitable and opted for suicide by jumping off the bridge. His suicide was an example of cyberspace bullying and was a tragic happening which primed(p) a great impact (Schwartz 2011). Phoebe Prince was a 15 year old girl who was also new in her school. She was the target of many bullies who used to call her with names and she was physically harassed as well. The internet and the social networking websites were also utilized to bully her. She also committed suicide when she could not clench the pressure and the bullying (Eckholm and Zezima 2010). These untoward incidents are clearly indicative of the fact that bullying has become a major problem in todays world where it can lead to the deaths of teenagers who are victims of this crime. The employment of social networking also has a major role to play as can be seen in the two cases. The death of Tylor Clementi was mainly due to cyber bullying. The improper utilization of social networking websites combined with the inappropriate carry through taken against the cases of bullying has led to the incidence of teen suicides. Works Cited Schwartz, John. Bullying, Suicide, Punishment. The New York Times. 2 Oct. 2010. Web quaternary March 2011.

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Gender Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

grammatical sex Stereotypes Essay scarcely typeset, gender stereotypes be generalizations about the roles of individu all(prenominal)y gender. Gender roles ar generally neither positive nor ostracise they be simply inaccurate generalizations of the male and female attri exclusivelyes. Since each person has individual desires, thoughts, and feelings, regardless of their gender, these stereotypes be incredibly simplistic and do non at all describe the attributes of every person of each gender.While most people suck up that stereotypes be untrue, many still make assumptions based on gender. There be many stereotypes we may all be guilty of, such(prenominal) as assume that all women want to marry and have children, or that all men love sports. The following is a list of some of the most common gender stereotypes as they pertain to either men or women. Remember that these be stereotypes because they claim to apply to all men or women.Female Gender StereotypesGender ster eotypes begin the second a bumbles gender is found out. As soon as we find out its a girl, we immediately begin decorating a pink nursery change with soft dcor and butterflies and flowers. We assume that our daughter will be very girly and fill her closet with frilly dresses and her toy box with tea sets and dolls. What this is essentially doing, even though many parents dont realize it, is setting our child up to be the perfect lady, and pedagogy her how to be the stereotypical woman. We are instructing her that girls are sibyllic to wear dresses, serve food, and take care of babies the biggest and most common stereotype put on women.Have you ever watched a little girl picnicing house? Even as young as five or six, she is well aware that she is supposed to stay bag with the baby while the husband goes to conk, and she has dinner ready when he gets home. Here is another stereotype women stay at home while men go to work. While there are a million gender stereotypes about fe males, these are definitely the biggest, and the most debated by feminists of today. Some other stereotypes includeWomen are supposed to have clean jobs such as secretaries, teachers, andlibrariansWomen are nurses, not doctorsWomen are not as immobile as menWomen are supposed to make less money than menThe best women are stay at home momsWomen dont need to go to collegeWomen dont play sportsWomen are not politiciansWomen are quieter than men and not meant to speak outWomen are supposed to be submissive and do as they are toldWomen are supposed to cook and do houseworkWomen are responsible for rai babble out childrenWomen do not have technical skills and are not good at hands on projects such as car repairsWomen are meant to be the damsel in affliction never the heroWomen are supposed to look pretty and be looked atWomen love to sing and danceWomen do not play video gamesWomen are flirtsWomen are never in gushMale Gender StereotypesStereotyping is no different when its found out t hat a boy is on the way. The nursery is decked out in blue, his closet is filled with tiny jeans, polo shirts, and boots, and the theme is usually something like hobo camp animals or dinosaurs something tough. Boys toys consist of trucks, dinosaurs, action figures, and video games. From the beginning boys are taught to be tough, to be protective, and to defend themselves. Boys are taught that daddys go to work and mommys stay at home from their meridian of view, boys have fun and girls do all the work.Are you surprised to hear that most parents admit that they do not teach their sons how to do chores such as washing dishes or folding laundry? Instead, they teach them to take out the trash and mow the lawn from the get-go boys are made to think that certain domicile chores are womens work. This is a major stereotype, but the majority of American householdstoday would prove this to be true. Men are supposed to do the dirty jobs and anything that requires muscle, they are also suppos ed to go to work and provide for the family. Little boys see this and the stereotype continues.Other gender stereotypes that inaccurately try to describe all men areAll men enjoy working on carsMen are not nurses, they are doctorsMen do dirty jobs such as construction and mechanics they are not secretaries, teachers, or cosmetologistsMen do not do housework and they are not responsible for pickings care of childrenMen play video gamesMen play sportsMen enjoy outdoor activities such as camping, fishing, and hikingMen are in charge they are always at the topAs husbands, men tell their wives what to doMen are lazy and/or messyMen are good at mathIt is always men who work in science, engineering, and other technical palmMen do not cook, sew, or do craftsCan you see how many of these actually are true of many men or women that you know? They may even be true for you personally, but they do not apply to every single man or woman alive. That is what makes them stereotypes the fact that th ese things are considered, the norm and expected of every male or female. Each person is an individual and it is perfectly typical for a woman to run her own business while a man stays home with the kids. On the other hand it is also perfectly acceptable for a man to be a nurse or hate sports, or enjoy cooking.Men and women are individuals they are more than notwithstanding male or female. Our gender is only part of who we are it does not define us as people.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Administering Windows Essay Example for Free

Administering Windows EssayWhy doesnt the governing body read (C) face on the Select where you want to save your respite page?You cannot backup on the same sectionalization where the system is, Windows backup tool does not allow this. If a virus infection or package failure occurs you would have to reformat your drive, it would be illogical for this tool to allow you to back up on the system partition. As we already know partitions are separate drives you cannot back up on the same drive it defeats the purpose of backing up. If that drive is erased so is the back up.Why does a warning appear when you read the System Backup (K) drive, informing you that the K drive is on the same physicaldisk as your system drive? The K Drive is on the same internal harddisk if the Harddisk fails the backup is lost also. That is wherefore it is important that OM interpret is backed up externally in case of hard disk failure. If windows becomes corrupt on the system partition you can use the OM image that was partitioned to recover it. That is the one instance that image is viable. incredulityWhy doesnt the Windows folder appear under the Local Disk (C) drive? alone because the file and folder backup capability in the Windows backup cannot back up system and industriousness files. To protect the entire system drive, you must(prenominal) perform a system image backupWhat is the sizing of the backup, as indicated on the Backupand Restore control panel?309.22 MBQuestionHow does the time mandatory for this backup compare with that for the same job the first time you ran it? I believe it was slightly quicker however I was reading during the time of the first backup.QuestionHow more an(prenominal) Backup Files folders are in that respect beneath the BackupSet folder? 3 backup files folder and 1 Catalogs folderWhat is the size of it of the folder?308MB size on disk 308BMWhy is the second Backup Files folder so often smaller thanthe first one? Because it only backe d up the changes I made since the last backup. incremental backups is a type of job that only backs up the files that have changed since the last backup was performed.QuestionHow many options are there to choose from in the RestoreFiles dialog box? 3QuestionHow many results appear in the Search for files to restoredialog box and from which backup jobs are they? 1QuestionFrom which of the three backups you performed is theNewfile.txt file going to be restored? The most recentPerforming a single backup job provides only limited protection against hardware failure. To fully protect your data, you must back up regularly, and Windows 7 enables you to schedule backup jobs to run at specified intervals. To fill in this challenge, you must urinate a job that backs up your workstations entire system (C) drive to the X drive every Friday at 1100 PM. Write break the procedure for creating the job and take a screen shot of the look backward your backup settings page by pressing Alt+Prt Scr, and then paste the resulting image into the Lab15_worksheet file in the page provided by pressing Ctrl+V. Using Disk management I used the unallocated space to create a 4th logical partition. In back up and restore window I changed the settings where I wanted to backup to the newly created X partition. Then I clicked change schedule and changed the settings.To use BranchCache, you must configure the appropriate Group constitution settingson both the host servers and the branch office computers. To complete this challenge, you must create three Group Policy objects called BranchCache Content Servers,BranchCache Hosted Cache Servers, and BranchCache Clients, and configure each GPO with the settings involve to create a BranchCache implementation that uses your classroom server (RWDC01) as a hosted cache server. Write out the procedure for creating the GPOs and take screen shots of the three GPOs in the Group Policy Management Editor console table by pressing Alt+Prt Scr, and then p aste the resulting image into the Lab15_worksheet file in the page provided by pressing Ctrl+V. Under Group Policy Management I opened domains contoso and expanded Group Policy Object then created the 3 Policies by right clicking and clicking NEW. I then Right clicked the new Policies and went in Computer configuration/policies/Admin Templates/Ne cardinalrk. For the Content Server Policies I when in LANMAN SERVER and enabled the HASH policy. For the other two I went to BranchCache and enabled Hosted BranchCache and BranchCache mode and set the server location at RWDC01

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Stopping by on a Snowy Evening Essay Example for Free

Stopping by on a covered Evening EssayChoose a meter in which the creation of mood or line is an important feature. Show how the poet creates the mood or atmosphere, and discuss its importance in your appreciation of the poesy as a whole. A musing mood is created in the poem stopping by woodland on a snowy evening by Robert Frost. The poem is more or less man who stops by expert timber on a snowy evening. He takes in the lovely scene in advance silence and is tempted to stay for longer but acknowledges the obligations he must keep. He also mentions the distance he faces before he can to catnap which by the language gived in the poem sleep actually suggests death. At first the poem gives the impression that it is simply describing a man who is on a journey and quietly stops to observe the winter weather but through the writers techniques of word excerpt and structure. It becomes appargonnt that the poem is about his inner feelings towards the place rather than just a description. The mystery surrounding this quiet place causes the poet to stop and reflect on his life.The quiet or reflective mood of the poem is set firstly, by its transparent verse structure and close rhyming scheme. The poem has a gentle rhythm almost like a nursery rhyme even stresses on each line and the a,a,b,a rhyming scheme creates a very relaxed atmosphere. This is reinforced by the poets use of literally simple words throughout the poem and short, simple sentences. On the surface the poem seems to be simple but the connotations of the words are actually quite complex. The weather and timing of this stop are both significant. It is snowing heavily, with the woods filling up with snow.This creates an image of the poet losing his tracks and becoming covered in a blanket implying that he wishes to rest here subtly suggestion death. The fact that the poet stops here on the darkest day of the year (the day with least hours of sunlight) seems to reflect the poets mood of darkne ss. The poem develops elements of oddness about the poet stopping in this location. As the poet describes how his horse must think it queer to stop without a farmhouse near implies that the isolated location is not a usual place for the horse and the poet to stop.This again is reiterated in stanza lead by the horse giving his harness bells a shake in almost a crab out for the poet to hurry up and get moving. However this behaviour of urgency by the horse is answered by the poet taking in the scenery and describing the peaceful scenery of sweep of easy wind and downy rubbish. The contrast between the bright sound of the bells and the implied quietness of the easy and downy reflects the tension between drift and rest which lies at the heart of this poem. Stopping at this location gives the poet the chance to forget about everyday life and causes the poet to reflect on his own life.This therefore highlights the major conflict in the poem as the poet wants to stay in the woods becau se it is peaceful place and there are no responsibilities in the woods. Describing the woods a lovely, dark and robust again illustrates his fascination towards darkness and the desire of wanting a deep sleep- which both represent death. However the pull outside the woods such as promises to keep and the repetition of the last line And miles to go before I sleep suggests the poet is on stopping at the woods for a momentarily break from a busy and highly responsible life.The main conflict of the poem is the pulls between life and death. The poet describes this complex topic very well by using a simple writing style, rhyme and words which all help contain the poets mood and emotional state. The poet does not state points explicitly he rather leaves subtle traces of this remarkable occasion through word choice and metaphors. The repetition of the last sentence is a fitting conclusion for the poem as it allows the reader and the poet to encounter the past and the present as well a li fe and death.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

In what ways did World War II end the problems of World War I Essay Example for Free

In what ways did World contend II intercept the problems of World War I EssayIn the days prior to World War Two, the First World War was referred to as the War to end all Wars. (Devine, 14) Despite this name, only twenty-odd years had passed before the nations of the world once again engaged in armed conflict. The treaty of Versailles and the conditions in Europe precipitated a second large-scale conflict in Europe. (Devine, 16) The inference of WWII ended the problems that derived from WWI by ending the Fascist dictatorships of Europe, ending European and Asian imperialism, and shifting military role out of Europe. The Treaty of Versailles created tremendous pressure on Germany, Austria-Hungary, and other nations who bore the blame for the conflict. (Morgan, 18) The economic slump in these nations that resulted from their attempts to pay reparations led to a political climate ripe for the rise of Fascism. (Morgan, 27) The people of nations such as Italy, Germany and Spain were willing to embrace this hyper-nationalist form of government, giving up their freedoms in exchange for the promise of discover economic conditions and a consequence of their respective nations to international prominence. Morgan, 30) The rise of hyper-nationalism in Fascist Germany and Italy was one of the effect causes of the Second World War in Europe. Hitlers Germany began to militarize and reclaim areas of Europe that Hitler declared to be part of the rightful German empire. (Morgan, 108) These regions included all of Austria, and part of the nation of Czechoslovakia, referred to by Hitler as the Sudetenland (southland). When Germany invaded Poland to return the land to Germany, France and Britain declared war.The results of WWII ended the reign of fascism in Europe. ( Morgan, 117) The personalities around whom the fascist governments were built, Hitler in Germany, and Mussolini in Italy, were killed in the war effort, and their philosophies discredited when the atrociti es they committed became public knowledge. (Morgan, 197) Of the Fascists of Europe, only Francisco Franco of Spain, which had remained neutral in the war, survived. (Morgan, 201) After WWII, Germany was divided into a Soviet-controlled Eastern half, and a Republican western half.Nationalist efforts were turned to reunification, rather than conquest. (Morgan, 203) The desolation of the German War machine was absolute, eliminating them as a future threat to stability in Europe. (Morgan, 205) Italy and Japan were similarly disarmed at the conclusion of WWII, making future threats to world stability from these powers unlikely in the extreme. (Morgan, 206) The end of WWII also marked the end of the naked Imperialism that characterized all the major European nations since WWI. Betts, 113) Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other nations granted independence, or protectorate status to their imperial holdings, making self-sovereignty the new goal of international foreign policy. (Betts, 127) Japan was forced to make believe up the Pacific Islands they had occupied, and withdraw their invasion of China. (Betts, 128) Germany similarly ceded their occupied territories and permitted free choice for the subsequent governments. Betts, 133) star of the world powers that emerged from WWII, the United States, embraced self-determination as the ideal for nations of the world, and began to fight against efforts to engage in imperialist activities on the parts of other nations. (Betts, 144) The conclusion of WWII marked a shift in the dynamic of world conflict. (Levering, 18) During WWI and WWII, agency on the seas determined a large part of military control. After WWII, nations who had access to weapons of mass destruction became the powers of the World. Levering, 22) For the first time in modern history, the central conflict of the world was not between Britain and Germany or France, but between the United States and the Soviet Union. European powers became pawns in a wor ldwide power campaign between opposing ideologies. (Levering, 27) The United States used war reconstruction money as a sweetening to the nations of Europe to shun Communism in favor of republican government. (Levering, 34) After WWII, armed conflict was exceptional to third-party wars where one side or the other effectively acted as a proxy for one of the Superpowers. Levering, 46) This was managed to avert direct conflict between the Superpowers, which could have led to destruction of the entire world through nuclear annihilation. (Levering, 55) As a result, dozens of minor conflicts and a handful of major wars were fought after WWII by innate people with military and economic support from the USSR and the United States. (Levering, 58) This scenario played out in countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, Afghanistan, and many others. (Levering, 75)It is clear that the effects of WWII resolved many of the issues that resulted from WWI. WWII ended European Fascis m, eliminated European and Asian imperialism, and permanently shifted the balance of World Power away from Europe. The Treaty of Versailles produced conditions in Europe that made Fascism an attractive and familiar option, which played a great role in precipitating WWII. As a result of the open issues of WWI, WWII became the latest war to end all wars. It is hoped by the nations of the world that conflict on the scale of WWII never be repeated in the history of mankind.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

ISO 9000 Essay Example for Free

ISO 9000 EssayAccording to Barnes F. and Wade J. , ISO 9000 is an take into account guideline that stomach be used by management to attain a comprehensive standard for quality management systems in order to operate effectively in todays competitory market environment. Whenever an individual or an entity is considering the adoption of something original, it is always advisable to refer to useful guidelines that can assistant in the initial actions to implement such new procedure. In this respect, ISO 9000, due to its vast and detailed insurance coverage of quality processes and procedures, it can be considered as the initial step in adopting quality measures in the organization. ISO 9000 can thus be the yardstick that management could use in a number of quality aspects, such as Documented processes to ensure quality documents in the firm. Key points argon established on from each one procedure that demand monitoring and measurement to guarantee that quality is maintained in all stages of the process. Suppliers are selected meticulously and materials received are inspected thoroughly to make certain that adequate material quality is inputted in the manufacturing process. Determination of skills required for each job to adopt apposite training and ensure appropriate dominance and efficiency. During new product development, all stages are properly planned and tested to keep up a good level of product standard. To attain the ISO 9000, the organization is audited by an external certification body and by internal staff trained for this process. It thus ensures that appropriate quality systems are developed and maintained in the organization. This will help the firm to be competitive and create and sustain a good notice image.

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

The Marketing Concept Essay Example for Free

The Marketing Concept EssayWhen one thinks about marketing, many incompatible things come into mind however, the actual definition of Marketing Concept is identifying consumer needs and then producing the goods or function that will satisfy them while making a profit for the organization. (Gitman McDaniel, 2008)Basic each(prenominal)y, the marketing concept comes down to existence able to offer the consumers something that they find valuable. Value is the key term that comes into play. The marketing concept consists of1. Focusing on customer wants so the organization can distinguish its production from competitors offerings. (Gitman McDaniel, 2008)2. Integrating all of the organizations activities, including production, to satisfy these wants. (Gitman McDaniel, 2008)3. Achieving long-term goals for the organization by satisfying customer wants and needs lawfully and responsibily. (Gitman McDaniel, 2008)Many businesses from around the globe have already started to take ad vantage of this concept. From Disneys Fast overhaul to Enterprise Rent-A-Car, companies are adjusting their old business models and techniques in order to accommodate the needs and desires of their customers. This has enabled them to step to a higher place the competition and to set themselves apart from others in their industry.The marketing concept focuses on the above mentioned items for a reason, in order to increase the businesses bottom line and to satisfy their current customer bases, while drawing spick-and-span customers because of their exceptional customer service model.ReferencesGitman, L.J., McDaniel, C. (2008) The Future of Business The EssentialsSouth-Western, Cengage Learning Ohio.

Monday, April 8, 2019

Social Psychology Essay Example for Free

mixer Psychology EssayThe external validity of every(prenominal) of these studies has come under fill out in recent years. The research may show that under experimental conditions, subjects fall into the categories of intervener or non-intervene middling easily, tho there is no evidence to suggest that these results can be generalised. Huston, Ruggiero, Conner and Geis (1981) address these issues. They also signify to the murder of Kitty Genovese but criticise previous studies for a lack of external validity.Specifically, they maintain four major concerns over the extent to which the findings can be generalised. Firstly, Huston et al comment that ethical guidelines keep back experimenters from reproducing realistic experimental environments. Thus, the research is based on simulated events, usually using a chemical group of students. morselly, no research has ever investigated the situation whereby the bystander becomes an involved participant in the violent incident.Ac cording to Huston et al this avoids the issue of how the bystander can beually change the course of events. Thirdly, there has been a lack of focus on the effects of violent and criminal emergencies (understandably perhaps) and this means that the research does non correlate with real manners situations. Huston et al (1981) argue that previous research has explored the role of personality traits in the potential to intervene.Huston et als study attempts to resort these limitations and add a more comprehensive account of real life acts of gallantry. In doing so they provide a completely different framework through which to analyse bystanders at crime scenes. They measured collar different areas which may account for intervention exposure to crimes and emergencies,relevant competencies and skills,inclination to intervene. (1981, p. 15). Therefore, instead of using emotional, almost Freudian cues as were used in previous research, Huston et al choose cognitive cues and appear to view the exclusive as a rational and practical end-maker.Huston et al reported that several factors increased the probability that any individual would intervene to help a stranger, Exposure to crime in the past was a significant factor, but more so, was the individuals perceived competence to intervene. Also those who intervened tended to be heavier and taller than the non-interveners. This suggests that a key factor in the decision making process of the individual is whether they perceive themselves as being capable of making a difference.Interestingly, Huston et al found no significant difference in the personality traits of the two groups of those who intervened and those who did not. They do however, suggest that shape up studies could include groups of subjects that are matched for their exposure to crime. They also comment that their sample and the samples of other similar studies may not be representative because those who do not intervene, for reasons of social desirabi lity to not come forward in order for their experience to be examined and accounted for.This study goes some way in accounting for real life acts of heroism. It presents a naturalistic setting, which the previous studies neglected to provide, and suggests some plausible accounts for bystander intervention and acts of heroism. However, the majority of studies do not seem to account for cases of extreme altruism that take place in real life. Many go some way to explaining why many people do not intervene to help others. self-centeredness appears to dominate all explanations. As Batson (1994) comments, the main assumption in most research into bystander intervention is that all human action is ultimately directed toward self-interest. (p. 603), and yet we still persist in volunteering, contributing and rescuing. altruism is a paradox which defies biological explanation. Laboratory research into bystander intervention goes some way to accounting for acts of heroism but still fails to ex plain the point in our evolution where we began to perform acts of complete selflessness.ReferencesBatson, C.D. (1994). Why act for the public good? Four Answers. In Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, pp. 603-610Brown, R. (1986) Social Psychology The Second Edition. Free Press. Darley, J.M. and Batson, C.D. (1973). From Jerusalem to Jericho A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behaviour. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, pp. 100-108.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Mechanism of Labor Essay Example for Free

Mechanism of get the picture EssayA good midwife will always aid in conduction of a vaginal delivery and non hastily conduct it without knowing about the instrument that is encounterring inside the pelvis. thence it is very essential to learn about mechanism of normal lug, its principles and steps to distinguish it from an abnormal wizard Definition The series of movements that occur on the vanguard in the process of adaptation, during its journey through the pelvis, is called mechanism of labor. 1 Principles The principles ar common to all mechanisms 1. Descent occurs throughout 2.The split that leads and first meets the resistance of the pelvic foundation will rotate until comes under the symphysis pubis 3. The part that escapes under the symphysis pubis will stick around the pubic bone 4. During the mechanism, the fetus turns slightly to take advantage of the widest available space in each plane of the pelvis, i. e. transverse at the brim and antero-posterior at the wall plug 2 Mechanism In normal labor, the bearing enters the brim more commonly through the available transverse diameter and to a lesser extent through one of the external oblique muscle diameters.Accordingly, the position is either Occipito lateral or oblique Occipito anterior. The left Occipito anterior position is commoner than the just Occipito anterior position as the left Occipito diameter is encroached by the rectum. 1 The engaging antero-posterior diameter of the skull is suboccipito bregmatic (9. 5 cm) and the engaging transverse diameter is biparietal 9. 5 cm. 1 As the Occipito Anterior position is the commonest the mechanism of labor will be described for leave Occipito Anterior or Right Occipito Anterior positionWhen the fetus presents in left or right Occipito anterior position the way the fetus is normally situated can be described as follows * The lie is longitudinal * The presentation is cephalic * The position is ROA or LOA * The attitude is one of flexio n * The denominator is the occiput * The presenting part is the posterior part of the anterior parietal bone 2 Positional movements There are several(prenominal) basic positional movements which take place when the fetus is in a cephalic vertex presentation. These are as follows 1. Engagement 2. Descent throughout 3. Flexion 4. Internal rotation of the head 5. Crowning 6. language of the head by extension 7. Restitution 8. Internal rotation of the shoulders 9. out-of-door rotation of the head 10. present of the shoulders and trunk by lateral flexion Although the mechanisms of labor are listed separately, some of these overlap or occur simultaneously (internal rotation of the shoulders and external rotation of the head) 1. Engagement Engagement takes place when the biparietal diameter of the foetal head has passed through the pelvic inlet. In primigravidae, it usually occurs during the latter weeks of pregnancy. In multigravidae, as the muscle tone is wanton engagement may not o ccur until labor actually begins. 2. Descent Descent occurs throughout the mechanisms of labor and is therefore both requisite to and simultaneous with other mechanisms. Descent is a result of a build of forces including contractions and maternal pushing effort with contraction of her abdominal muscles 3. Flexion Flexion is essential to notwithstanding descent. The military press exerted down the fetal axis will be transmitted to the occiput. The effect is to increase flexion, which results in the reversal of the smaller suboccipito bregmatic diameter 9. 5 cm. the occiput becomes the leading part.Flexion occurs when the fetal head meets the pelvic base resistance which increases with descend. 4. Internal rotation of the head Internal rotation brings the anteroposterior diameter of the fetal head into fusion with the anteroposterior diameter of the maternal pelvis. This is accomplished by rotation of the occiput to the anterior portion of the maternal pelvis. In a well flexed ve rtex presentation, the occiput leads and meets the pelvic floor first and rotates anteriorly through one- eighth of a lot (45 degrees) this causes a slight twist in the neck of the fetus, as the head is no longer in direct alignment with the shoulders.As the fetal head now lies in the widest (anteroposterior) diameter of the pelvic outlet, an liberal escape is facilitated. The occiput slips under the pubic arch and vest occurs when the head no longer recedes between contractions and the widest transverse diameter i. e. biparietal is natural. 5. Crowning After internal rotation of the head further descent occurs until the subocciput lies underneath the pubic arch. At this stage, the maximum diameter of the head (biparietal diameter) stretches the vulval outlet without any recession of the head so far after the contraction is over.This is called crowning of the head. 6. Delivery of the head by extension Once crowning has occurred, fetal head can extend. The suboccipital region im pinges under the symphysis pubis and acts as a pivotal point. The fetal head is now positioned so that further pressure from the contracting uterus and maternal pushing serves to further extend the head as the vaginal orifice opens. A couple of forces act on the fetal head. The driving force pushes the head in a downward direction plot the pelvic floor offers a esistance in the upward and forward direction. The downward and upward forces neutralize and remaining forward pierce helps in extension. The successive parts of the fetal head to be born through the stretched vulval outlet are vertex, brow and face. 7. Restitution It is the visible passive movement of the head due to untwisting of the neck continue during internal rotation. With restitution the occiput moves 45 degrees or one eighth of a circle towards the side from which it started and is over again in alignment with the shoulders1 8.Internal rotation of shoulders The anterior shoulder reaches the pelvic floor and rotat es anteriorly by one eighth of a circle. The shoulders come to lie in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet 9. External rotation of the head External rotation of the head occurs as the shoulders rotate 45 degrees internally causation the head to rotate another 45 degrees. The movement can be seen clearly as the head turns at the same time. External rotation occurs in the same direction as restitution. 10. Birth of the shoulders and body by lateral flexionThe anterior shoulder comes into view at the vaginal orifice, where it impinges under the symphysis pubis, while the posterior shoulder distends the perineum. This enables a smaller diameter to distend the vaginal orifice than if both the shoulders were born simultaneously. After the shoulders are delivered, the remainder of the body is born by lateral flexion. The mechanism of labor is antithetical for different positions. Most of the movements in the mechanism occur simultaneously and at times may not be clearly visi ble during the delivery.Hence the midwife should be very careful and cautious and stay fresh in mind the steps of normal mechanism of labor while conducting delivery References 1. D. C Dutta, schoolbook of Obstetrics, 6th Edition, rising Central Book Agency, Calcutta 2004, Pp 125-129 2. Annamma Jacob, A Comprehensive Textbook of Midwifery, 2nd Edition, Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, 2009, Pp 187-190 3. www. wingkingskull. com cited on 31st January 2012 4. http//pregnancy. about. com/od/laborbasics/ss/fetalpositions_2. htm cited on 27th January 2012

Saturday, April 6, 2019

Plastic Bag Usage Essay Example for Free

Plastic Bag Usage EssayPlastic bags should be out(p) beca practice session they affect the environment in many ways. There are many reason why they should be taboo some of the reasons are because ocean animals environment died because of this and it makes are oceans dirty. And I am going to prescribe you why plastic bags should be criminalise. Plastic bags disrupt the environment in a serious way. They contract into soil and slowly release toxic chemicals. Plastic bags are affecting the environment because animals eat them and frequently choke and die. Plastic bags end up in landfills or floating around in the environment. It takes hundreds of years for plastic bags to decompose and while they do they release toxins into our soil, lakes, rivers, and oceans. A way to disregard plastic use is to never litter and always dispose of trash properly. Plastic absorb, toxic chemicals, which can be dodgy to fish and other sea life that ingest them. Plastic bags pollute our oceans and kill sea turtles in particular. They are often mistaken for food by dolphins, whales, and sea birds.Plastic bags cause over 100,000 sea turtles and other animal deaths every year nearly 90 % of the debris in our ocean is plastic. We could reduce plastic usage by recycling plastics whenever possible. Plastic debris affects wildlife, human health, and the environment. Petroleum is required to progress to plastic bags. Petroleum produce are diminishing and getting more expensive because we have apply this non-renewable resource increasingly. Plastic bags are a huge waist and a huge polluter to our oceans. nigh cities have taxed plastic bags or even ban them. People want plastic bags to get banned because they are polluting the ocean. People think that banning plastic bags will make oceans cleaner. Plastic bags should be banned because they affect the environment and many ways. They should be banned because sea animals choke on them. They should be banned because animals are goin g extinct. I think if plastic bags are banned there will be less extinct to sea animals and the oceans will be cleaner.

My Best Vacation Essay Example for Free

My Best Vacation EssayDear all, Today, I would like to tell you some my best vacation. A few summers ago, my sister, hercolleagues and me took a vacation to Nha Trang for5 age. As you know, vacation was special days We visitted many well-known places such as Vinpeal Land, Hon Tam Island, Diamond Bay, Thap Ba Pagoda, and so on. On the behavior riding in the cable carto go to Vinpeal Land,we sawseveral jelly fish in the very blue water. Itis the first time I have ever seen anextremelybeautiful captivate like that,so Ifelt veryinterested and relaxed. We stayed there all day to move games,visit the aquarium, take photographs, We spent another daydiving into the sea to view the colorful coral. At the moment Ifeltanxiousbecause I couldnt swim, but when I saw the coral, its beauty make me fogot all thing. In the next day, Itook a boat for some where that I dont know to waste seafood such as fish, cuttle fish,shrimp,The foodwas so fresh and delicious. At night, we rent bicycle to drum up along the seacoast. It was so romantic journey. After we utterly exhausted, we droped in shiftshop where we ate lobster, cook meat roll and drank sugar-cane juice The last day before came back home, we went to the market to buyspeacialities and souvenirs for our family and fiends. AlthoughI got sick after the vacation but I felt so happy from my heart. I applaud my vacation so much. Thank you for reading.

Friday, April 5, 2019

Conversation Analysis In A Real Conversation English Language Essay

converse Analysis In A Real chat English dustup EssayIn the previous chapter, word analysis has been discussed. In this chapter, we ar going to talk closely parley analysis, which is one of the approaches to analyze discourse.8.1.1 What is Conversation Analysis?People argon interested in thought how social interaction work. Linguists disc over the ways in which how social interaction be organized, they tried to signalise and analyze those features appe ard in converse they use scientific methods to examine the phenomena. Conversation Analysis is a imperious study established by the Ameri sens pioneers, Harvey Sacks, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson.According to Hutchby and Wooffitt (2008), how is a normal communication organized, how do muckle arrange their conversation in daily social interaction, and what is the role of conversation in between separately participants, ar the major subject matter of this chapter.8.1.2 Why do we submit Conversation Analysi s?Conversation analysis represents a methodological approach to the study of social communication (Psathas, 1995). At the fundamental level, conversation analysis is the study of talk. It studies the natural and au thitherforetic conversation in real life situations, especially to adjudicate braid-taking organization, close up and kettle of fishing problem, sequence of annotations and transcription.The term interaction could apply to numbers of social encounters. For instance, a teacher chatting with students in a staff room is one kind of interaction others included a doctor enquire patient for the illnesses, a professor att finish uping to a formal academic exchange meeting, or a woman chit-chat with the shop-keeper during she buys veget opens at the supermarket, and in that respect are dozens of characters showing that people are tangled in unalike contexts of conversation.8.1.3 Maxims of ConversationIn the field of linguistics, as yet to a greater extent specifically in the area of pragmatics and discourse analysis, scholar introduced an important concept maxims of conversation. It is the unwritten rules that govern people to make an appropriate conversation.The basic comment of Grices cooperative principle govern how people ordinarily react in conversations Be true, be brief, be relevant and be clear.8.2.1 Turn-taking Organization in ConversationTurn-taking is one of the most critical and noticeable aspects of informal structure. Harvey Sacks (1995), who the founder of the conversational analytical system, hold the view that the basic small unit of the conversation is frolic. We are going to look at some fundamental features about stoops (or floors) in tack together to discover how turns merchant ship be allocated.Furtherto a greater extent, in a normal, polite, Western-styled conversation, participants do not keep on speaking all the time, as to demonstrates patience, cooperation, social etiquette in a conversation, they leave wait for their turn to speak.Liddicoat (2007) demod that verbalisers keep changing in a conversation when A is destroyed, it is Bs turn to talk. Consequently when B has finished speaking, A take turn again.8.2.2 How does turn-taking works?Schegloff, Sacks Jefferson (1974) introduced a set of turn-taking rules for people who involved in conversation can manage turn variation and turn allocation easily. The turn-taking rules are set for distinguishing who should take the turn at the next transition relevance place (TRP).A transition-relevance place (TRP) takes place at the completion of an utterance it is the change-of-turn place (Wang, 2011).The turn-taking rules are ordered as the followingIf a verbaliser is selected by the current speaker, thus that speaker mustiness take the turn at the next transition relevance place. utilisationgenus Venus Where should we go now, turn left or turn right?Winnie.Winnie Er I dont know, I am sorry.In this situation, A pass the turn to B by asking a question.If, however, no next speaker is selected, then any other participant in the conversation whitethorn self-select to take the role and start speaking. exampleVenus Where should we go now, turn left or turn right?Hailey I know.Venus Yes? Hailey.Hailey uhI suppose we should turn left.If no other speaker self-selects to take the role, the current speaker whitethorn then continue to talk again. physical exertionVenus Which is the correct direction to go, left or right?Winnie, Joanna, Hailey (Silence)Venus No one knows?Venus uh Ok, turn right then.Speakers pull up stakes indicate their go awayingness to stop by utilise signals, such(prenominal) as turning their gaze to mortal in the conversation, or employ proboscis languages and gestures, in order to stop and let others continue. Also, they may soften their speech, lengthen the last syllable of a sentence or use some discourse markers e.g. you know, as you see or sort of things etc. If certain markers are showed by the cur rent speaker, another participant will then take over the conversation. at that place are cardinal types of signals or markers.Implicit markersMost of the time, people use body languages, sometimes prosodic features such as falling tone and rising tone can withal be used.Example 1 fool you noticed that?Example 2 Cant you see the dolphin?Explicit markersThese are opposite kinds of linguistic features to invite people give response.a) Suggestion Turn-taking by making some suggestions.ExampleShall we go to Lamma Island on this Tuesday?b) Request Current speaker may make a request the others.ExampleCould you revel tell me about your journey?c) Question Current speaker will asks question in order to draws people attention and encourage others to get involved.ExampleWe go to Barcelona in the coming Easter, what do you think, loved?8.2.3 Gaps and Overlaps in Turn-takingJerfferson (1983) spend a penny proposed some of the organizational features of gaps and overlapping. As we menti oned before, turn-taking can be visibly signaled by using body languages and gestures, however, it can also be marked by overlapping (Hutchby Wooffitt, 1998 Schegloff, Sacks Jefferson, 1974).If two or more people are speaking at the same time, overlapping will occur when the next speaker start talking when the current speaker has just completed a thought only, provided allay decide to continue (Schegloff, Sacks Jefferson 1974).Gaps may be treated as signs of trouble, for example, that the upcoming turn such as disagreements and improves (Levinson, 1983). Gaps in conversation occur very frequently, such as telephone conversation.Example 1Joanna Well, will you service of process me for these.Hailey I certainly will give you a hand.Example 2Hailey Why dont you move into and join me tonight at the party.Winnie Sure, I would like to.When the next speaker self-selects at a transition-relevance place, but a current speaker would like to add additional information into the complete d utterance, overlaps will also occur.Example 3Hailey That was a romantic weekend, uh..Ven- Venus.Venus Im glad you enjoyed your time.Example 4Winnie The party should be around seven or soVenus Well, do you earn an extra bed atyour place?8.3 refinesAs Schegloff (1979) said, Repair is defined as the mechanism by which trouble in speaking, hearing, and consciousness is claimed and resolved.8.3.1 Different kinds of conversation refugeRepair can be classified by who initiates fall mainstay, such as self or other, and by who solves them, such as self or other (Wikipedia Conversation Analysis, n. d.). Repair therefore can be divided into four types. They are self-initiated self repair, other-initiated self repair, self-initiated other repair and other-initiated other repair.8.3.1.1 Self-initiated self repairAccording to Wang (2011), the speaker initiates the mistake or something unknow in his conversation and he repairs it by himself, which is called self-initiated and self repair.E xample flushed What have you done at the weekend?LiXun I go toerhave foregone to see a movie.In the example, LiXun initiates that he uses the wrong strain so he changes go into have gone immediately.8.3.1.2 Other-initiated self repairNot only the speaker himself can initiate his mistake, but other speakers also can do so. The speaker himself will repair it. This situation is called other-initiated self repair.The same situation as what mentioned above. The situation is changed.Ruby What have you seen?LiXun I go to see a movie.Ruby (surp advancementd) What do you mean?LiXun I said I have gone to a movie.In this example, LiXun does not initiate that he uses the wrong tense. Ruby however dose. She reminds LiXun to repair.8.3.1.3 Self-initiated other repairSelf-initiated other repair is absolutely opposite to other-initiated self repair. The speaker himself initiates what should be repaired but he fails to repair it. The others help him to repair.ExampleRuby is going on talking with L iXun.Ruby Then what have you seen?LiXun A movie, er, adapted from a magic fiction, er, so famous. I forget the prognosticate Its writer is J.K. Rowling.Ruby Aha. I see. Its Harry Potter.LiXun Yes, that is Thanks.In this example, LiXun fails to remember the name of the movie in the conversation. Even though he knows the feature of the movie, he still cannot tell Ruby what he has seen. The detail which he gives however reminds Ruby of the name of the movie. This situation is defined as self-initiated other repair.8.3.1.4 Other-initiated other repairIn other-initiated other repair, the speaker even does not initiate what he has to repair. Others initiate it and repair for the speaker. You can learn from the following example.ExampleLiXun wants to go on their conversation.LiXun What about you, Ruby?Ruby Er, I think we have to go to the lecture room. Otherwise, we will be late for the lecture.LiXun Lets go to D1-LP-02.Ruby No, we are going to D1-LP-04.Ruby initiates what LiXun says is wrong in the conversation and repairs what he fails to say.8.4 Attributable silencesSilence plays an important role in our speech. As stated by Jaworski (1993, p.3), The briny common link between speech and silence is that the same interpretive processes apply to someones remaining meaningfully silent in discourse as to their speaking. Jaworski (1993) also suggests that silence has positive and negative value in a speech. His words indicated various silences of different situation perform different functions.8.4.1 Function of silenceJeasen (1973) suggested that there are cardinal function of silence in speech. The functions he points out are the following a judgmental function, a linkage function, an affecting function, a revelation function and an activating function. All of the five functions are what we are going to focus on.8.4.1.1 Judgmental silenceAccording to Jeasen (1973), silence may indicate ones attitude towards the topic he is talking about. Silence can tell whether he supports or he objects the idea.ExampleLiXun is talking a boring topic with Ruby.LiXun I think chemistry is so astoundRuby (Smiles and says nothing)LiXun Wow You see the chemistry formula (He goes on talking excitedly.)Ruby (Still keeps silent)Its apparent that Ruby holds opposite attitude to what LiXun is talking about. So she keeps silent for politeness.8.4.1.2 Linkage silenceJeasen (1973) stated that silence is able to bring two or more people together or to separate them. It brings further cause on the speakers in the speech. We are familiar with the following situation. Two good friends misunderstood each other. all time when they see each other they just keep silent. They, sooner or later, will hold out strangers. Because of silence, they fail to know what the other thinks. As the time goes by, they are stranded by silence. This kind of silence separates people.8.4.1.3 Affective silenceJeansen (1973) holds the opinion that silence can heal or wound someone. It is belie ved that silence shows your attitude towards the topic of the conversation, as well as your attitude towards the speakers. For example, people always keep silence when they are talking to someone they dislike. The silence usually wound the speakers.8.4.1.4 Revelatory silenceRevelatory silence is an kindle one. Jeasen (1973) said that there may be some information behind the silence. It, meanwhile, may be known to the speakers or the listeners. What the silence actually agent depends on the relationship between the speakers. You can see in the following example. If two closed friends, especially girls, are gossiping, they will keep silence when they are met someone who they are talking about. In this example, the silence conveys a warning.8.4.1.5 Activating silenceJeasen (1973) indicated that this kind of silence may bring some deep thoughtful signal. It also may bring mental inactive signal. duration we are talking, our mind keeps on thinking. A silence is able to show the deep m ind of the speakers. As you can see, when we are consulting with the professors, they usually lead us to thinking deeply. The professors, therefore, choose to be silence when we are talking our ideas. The silence can be considered as an encouragement, an agreement or an appreciation.8.5 Sequence of Conversation8.5.1 contiguity PairsAdjacency pair is the sequence of conversation. It includes two parts which are produced near another (Hutchby Wooffitt, 1998) and is the smallest unit of conversational exchange.Basic form of adjacency pair (Schegloff, 2007)First, adjacency pair involves two utterances. Once the first utterance is spoken, the second is required.Second, each utterance is produced by two different speakers.Third, pairs are adjacently dictated.Fourth, pairs of utterances are ordered. They are separated into two parts. They are the first pair parts (FPPs) and the second pair parts (SFFs). For instance, given a question is followed by an answer, then the question is the FP Ps and the answer is the SPPs.Lastly, they are pair-type related.Here are some example of some types of adjacency pairs (Wang, 2011)Question answerAt the supermarketHailey Can I get some help over here? I cant get that tin of sardines.Shop-keeper Ill be right here to help you.Invitation / request acceptance / declinationIn Winnies birthdayJoanna Would you like to dance with me, please?Winnie Yes.Greeting return greetingHailey dependable morning.Joanna Morning.Offer acceptance / rejectionIn the libraryLiberian May I help you find something?Venus No thanks, I can find it by myself.Compliment acceptanceVenus Your dress looks very lovely.Winnie Thank you. I just brought it from HM.8.5.1.2 Transition of sequenceThere are different types of transition of sequence.8.5.1.2.1 Adjacency/ NextnessTo verbalize a turn-constructional unit, every word ought to be fit(p) one by one (Schegloff, 2007).(8.5.1.2.1.a)Ben commodity morning.Bob Good morning.In the above conversation, Ben greets Bob and then Bob returns the greeting to Ben immediately.(8.5.1.2.1.b)Ben Would you like to have a eat?Bob No, thanks.Ben How about a drink?The above conversation is called exchange as it includes three utterances. The IRF posture are initiation, response and follow-up (Wang, 2011).8.5.1.2.2 CountersCounter means one does not answer SPP directly afterward one asks a FPP, instead he/she direct the FPP back to the asker (Schegloff, 2007). In this case, SSP given is organism delayed.(8.5.1.2.2.a) (Tarpee, 19911)1 Kate F What is it?2 Emily F You guess what it is first.3 (0.2)4 Kate S Pumpkin.5 Emily Yes, it is.In the conversation, Kate asks a question (FFP) in line 1, however, Emily does not answer it in return, and instead she redirects the question back to Kate (the asker) to answer. (line2)(8.5.1.2.2.b) (Scheflen, 1961114, as adapted in Peyrot, 199417)1 Seth F Do you love me?2 glass F Do you think so?3 Seth Sure.4 Candy But I dont.In the conversation, Candy does no t answer Seths question directly. Instead, she answers the question with an insertion of a question-answer exchange.8.5.2 Pre-expansionPre-expansion means adding a part before an exchange (FPs and SPs). According to Schegloffs, pre-expansion is expanding the conversation by adding preliminary question in movement man of the FFP (Schegloffs, 2007).8.5.2.1 Pre-invitationBefore giving an invitation, you need to be sure that he or she is available or not. So, you need to ask some preliminary questions. For example, by asking What are you doing?, if you want one to accept your invitation, you face the answer to be no vice versa.(8.5.2.1) (Jefferson G.31)(Arthur is the caller Sylvia is state to the phone)1 Sylvia Hello.2 Arthur Hello, how are you?3 Sylvia Fine, thanks.4 Arthur F(pre) What are you doing?5 Sylvia S(pre) Nothing.6 Arthur F(b) Do you want a drink?7 Sylvia S(b) Yes, wherefore not?Arthur asks what Sylvia is doing to see if she is broad or not. With the go-ahead r esponse of Sylvia (line 5) indicating she is giving, Arthur continues to invite her as he knows she is free with the pre-sequence asked at line 4. Finally, Sylvia accepts his invitation.8.5.2.1 Pre-offerPre-offer is similar to pre-invitation. It aims to provide the need to someone beforehand.(8.5.2.2.a)1 Sylvia Oh, I tear the tack mistakenly.2 Arthur 3 Sylvia I think I need to buy a tape.4 Arthur I have one.5 Sylvia Really?6 Arthur Do you want it?7 Sylvia Sure.From the example, Arthur gives the pre-offer (line 4) to Sylvia after knowing she necessarily a tape. At line5, when she says Really?, it is a go-ahead response to pre-sequence. Lastly, when Arthur makes the offer, she accepts.8.5.3 P elongationThere are different types of responses during exchanges. For instance, when greeting, one says hello to you and you are supposed to reply with a greeting too. Nevertheless, when one asks you a question, you may have different answers which can be preferred or dispreferred by th e asker. Like an invitation, the reply can be positive or negative. Nonetheless, an answer with yes does not mean it is a prefered response. According to Schegloff, If the question is make to prefer yes, then no is a dispreferred response, even if delivered without delay and in turn-initial position, vise versa (Schegloff, 1988 c453).8.5.3.1 Types of responsesThere are two types of responses. The first one is preferred responses, which means answers are given positively. Another is dispreferred responses, which means answers are given negatively.In fact, there are some hints indicating the preferred status of a turn.When answering directly and without any delayExampleJanice Do you want to go swimmingJill Yes, I do.Moreover, there are some other hints indicating the dispreferred status of a turn.a) When answering indirectlyExampleJanice Are you free on Monday?Jill Well, I need to do my homework, and b) When answering with delayExampleHesitation such as Well, Um, Er8.6 Conversati on TranscriptionTranscription of conversation is very essential for analyzing conversation .It should be produced previous conversation analysis, because it is used as a referential tool for the analysis of conversation (Psathas, 1995).8.6.1 Tools used for saveA naturally occurring conversation is usually recorded by video recorders these days. Hence, apart from recording the conversation, body languages, gestures as well as facial expressions can also be recorded. These features are very all-important(a) as they allow the relationship between speech and body movement to be observed (Psathas, 1995).8.6.2 Procedures involved in transcriptionIn fact, the recordings mentioned in 8.6.1 are done by analysts themselves. After producing the recordings, analysts listen to the recordings repeatedly by themselves. Once analysts repeatedly listen to the tape, they can focus on the phenomena that are very critical for conversation analysis (Hutchby, Wooffitt, 2008).8.6.3 Characteristics of conversation transcriptionConversation transcription is not simply a opus of writing with words and sentences exchanged by the speakers. However, it includes many other different features as well.The information listed on a lower floor should be included in a transcript (Wang, 2011).Information about the participantsWords spoken backbreaking utteredInaudible soundOverlapping speechStretch, stresses, volumeDifferent transcription symbols will be introduced as follows1. LatchingWhen latching occurs in a conversation between two people, two = will be placed in the transcript when the second speaker speaks just after the first speaker speaks. The first = will be placed right behind the transcription of the first speaker, while the second one is placed in front of the transcript of the second speaker (Psathas, 1995).ExampleMary Im empty=Peter =You never feel fullLatching by more than one speaker is delineate similarly to latching by two speakers. A = is put after the transcription of t he first speaker, but a = is placed in front of the transcription of two speakers instead of = (Psathas, 1995).ExampleHailey Im hungry=Joanna =You never feel fullVenus =So do ILatching by more than one speaker can also occur in a way that two speakers end their conversation at the same time and immediately the third speaker speaks. (Psathas, 1995)ExampleVenus Im very very hungry=Hailey hungryJoanna =So do I.In this case, the Mary and Peter end their conversation at the same time and then capital of Minnesota immediately speaks.2. Audible breathingExhalations are represented by an h or more than one h while inhalations are represented by .h or more than one .h (Psathas, 1995). Usually, exhalation expresses tiredness or sadness.ExampleJoanna I havent finished my Wiki- sniggerk project yet hhhhAs for inhalation, it usually indicates surprise or nervousness.ExampleVenus .hhh Im going to have my linguistics exam tomorrow.Sound stretchSound stretch means lengthening the sound. When speake rs would like to ratify their tone, sound stretch occurs. One colon denotes that the precedent sound is lengthened, while more than 1 colon means a more lengthened sound (Psathas, 1995).ExampleHailey I am so hungryVenus I know (.) I can hear that some sounds coming out from your stomach. inflectionThroughout a conversation, there must be rises and falls in the transition of speakers (Psathas, 1995).A rise in intonationAn cursor pointing upwards is put just prior to the rise in intonation (Psathas, 1995).ExampleJoanna Would you like to have dinner with me?Venus Yes, sure.A fall in intonationAn arrow pointing downwards is put just behind the fall in intonation (Psathas, 1995).ExampleHailey Would you like to have dinner with me?((gap))VenusYes(0.9)if Im free tonight.StressWhen speakers want to emphasize something, they will speak the words more loudly and lengthen the words. The emphasized word is underlined (Psathas, 1995).ExampleHailey I almost got full marks for my linguistics exa m, will I be awarded something, Mum?Venus Sure (0.9) Ill buy a reference book for you to study so that you can get full marks next time.PitchA Fall in pitchTo show a fall in pitch, the vowel of the word should be underlined, and a colon is added just behind the underlined vowel (Psathas, 1995).ExampleHailey I was awarded a reference book(0.8) for having good results in the exam..Joanna If you were awarded the newly released photo album of Rain, you would have been much happier.A rise in pitchTo show a rise in pitch, the stress is marked on the prolongation (Psathas, 1995).ExampleJoanna My mother gave me a big surpriseHailey Buying you the photo album of Rain?Joanna YesVolume change magnitude Volume is indicated by capital letters (Wang, 2011).ExampleWhen Joanna is talking to Hailey, suddenly a dog appears.Joanna Have you finished the wiki-book project? (.) A DOGS RUNNING TOWARDS USHailey Calm down, Joanna.Decreased volume is indicated by stagecoach marks (Wang, 2011).ExampleWhen Ve nus is telling Hailey something bad about Paul, suddenly Paul approaches.Venus Paul never hands in his homework on time.Hailey Pauls approaching8. Sound utteredThere are not only words within a conversation. Sometimes, when the speakers produce some sounds, they are also recorded.ExampleHailey Oh Ive dropped my mobile phone into the toiletVenus(laugh) Why are you so careless?8.7 ConclusionConversation is an exchange of information between people in real-life situations. The aim of conversation analysis is to give an analytic description of the organization of interaction. We can understand how people carry out conversation in the society. In addition, we know more about the secrets behind the conversation, such as silence and preference.